The Sumatran rhinoceros is a small, hairy, two-horned rhino and one of the most endangered mammals on Earth. Its remaining populations are tiny and scattered, making every birth vital.
Interesting facts
- It is the smallest living rhino.
- Fewer than 50 are thought to survive.
- It became extinct in Malaysia when the last captive rhino died in 2019.
- It is very vocal, making whistles and humming ‘songs’.
- It has two horns, like African rhinos.
- A breeding sanctuary in Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra, has produced several calves since 2012.
Behaviour
Sumatran rhinos are solitary and spend much of the day wallowing in mud to cool off and protect their skin. They follow trails through dense forest at night to feed.
Breeding and young
After a gestation of about 15–16 months, a single calf is born. Isolated rhinos often fail to find mates, and females that go long without breeding can develop reproductive problems.
Threats and conservation
Past poaching for horn and habitat loss reduced populations so much that the biggest threat now is that surviving rhinos are too few and scattered to breed.
Where to see it
- Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, Way Kambas National Park (limited access)
- Virtually never seen in the wild
- Support projects that protect forests and fund breeding
- Learn more through the Sumatran Rhino Rescue programme
Status source: IUCN Red List. Profile last reviewed September 2026.
Gunung Leuser: Sumatran Orangutans and Jungle Trekking
