The ground pangolin, or Temminck’s pangolin, is a scaly, ant-eating mammal of eastern and southern Africa. Shy and nocturnal, it is one of the most sought-after sightings in Africa.
Interesting facts
- Its scales are made of keratin, like fingernails.
- Ground pangolins usually walk on their hind legs, balancing with their tail.
- Pangolins are thought to be the most trafficked mammals in the world.
- All eight pangolin species have been protected from international commercial trade since 2017.
- Its long, sticky tongue is anchored near its pelvis.
- Many pangolins in South Africa are killed by electric fences.
Behaviour
Ground pangolins are solitary and mostly nocturnal. They use their sense of smell to find ant and termite nests and break them open with strong claws.
Breeding and young
After about four and a half months, a single young is born. It rides on its mother’s tail as she forages.
Threats and conservation
Poaching for scales and meat, electrocution on electric fences, road deaths and habitat loss.
Where to see it
- Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, South Africa
- Private reserves in Greater Kruger, South Africa (rare)
- Kalahari, Botswana
- Wildlife rehabilitation centres such as those run by the African Pangolin Working Group
Status source: IUCN Red List. Profile last reviewed September 2026.
