Archerfish are small fish of mangroves and rivers that hunt by spitting water at insects above the surface. Their accuracy and learning abilities have made them favourites of scientists.
Interesting facts
- They form a tube with their tongue and the roof of the mouth to shoot water.
- Young archerfish improve their aim by watching skilled adults.
- In experiments, archerfish learned to recognise individual human faces.
- They can also leap out of the water to grab insects.
- They adjust the power of each shot to the size of their prey.
- They are popular in public aquariums because of their shooting skills.
Behaviour
Archerfish swim near the surface, watching for insects on overhanging plants. They often live in small groups and compete for fallen prey.
Breeding and young
Little is known about their breeding in the wild. They are thought to spawn in brackish water near reefs.
Threats and conservation
Loss of mangroves and pollution.
Where to see it
- Yellow Water, Kakadu National Park, Australia
- Daintree River, Queensland
- Mangroves of the Sundarbans
- Public aquariums worldwide
Status source: IUCN Red List. Profile last reviewed September 2026.
