The California sea lion is a sleek, playful marine mammal of the Pacific coast of North America. Curious and vocal, it is one of the most familiar marine mammals in coastal towns.
Interesting facts
- Unlike true seals, sea lions have ear flaps and can turn their back flippers forward to walk on land.
- They are loud and bark constantly.
- Hundreds of sea lions began hauling out on the docks at San Francisco’s Pier 39 after 1989.
- Toxins from algal blooms can cause seizures in sea lions.
- Males develop a raised bony crest on their heads.
- The Galápagos sea lion is a closely related, separate species.
Behaviour
Sea lions are highly social and gather on beaches, rocks and docks. At sea, they often porpoise out of the water and surf waves.
Breeding and young
Females give birth to a single pup in early summer on island rookeries. Mothers nurse their pups for up to a year.
Threats and conservation
Entanglement in fishing gear, algal toxins, warming seas that reduce prey, and conflict with fisheries.
Where to see it
- Pier 39, San Francisco
- La Jolla Cove, San Diego
- Monterey Bay, California
- Los Islotes, Gulf of California, Mexico (snorkelling)
Status source: IUCN Red List. Profile last reviewed September 2026.
Where to see the california sea lion
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