The Gaboon viper is a massive, beautifully patterned viper of African forests. Despite its enormous fangs and venom, it is placid and relies on camouflage rather than aggression.
Interesting facts
- It is the heaviest viper in Africa.
- Its geometric pattern of buff, brown and purple makes it almost invisible among fallen leaves.
- Velvety black patches on its skin absorb light, sharpening its camouflage.
- It is generally calm and slow, and bites are rare.
- It may stay in the same ambush spot for days waiting for prey.
- Its broad, triangular head has two small ‘horns’ on the snout.
Behaviour
Gaboon vipers are nocturnal ambush predators. They lie motionless in leaf litter and strike prey with lightning speed.
Breeding and young
Females give birth to live young, usually 8–43 in a litter, every two or three years.
Threats and conservation
Habitat loss, hunting for food and the pet trade, and killing out of fear.
Where to see it
- Kakamega Forest, Kenya
- iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa
- Rainforests of Gabon and Uganda (rarely seen)
- Reptile houses at zoos
Status source: IUCN Red List. Profile last reviewed September 2026.
