The common cuttlefish is a clever, colour-changing cephalopod of European and African seas. It is famous for its dazzling camouflage and hypnotic displays.
Interesting facts
- Millions of colour cells called chromatophores let them create moving patterns.
- Their W-shaped pupils help them see in uneven light.
- The cuttlebone inside their body controls buoyancy and is often given to pet birds.
- Their brown ink, sepia, was once used by artists and writers.
- In experiments, cuttlefish showed self-control by waiting for a better food reward.
- Some males disguise themselves as females to sneak past larger rivals.
Behaviour
Cuttlefish hunt by stalking prey and shooting out two long tentacles. They use patterns of moving stripes to mesmerise prey and communicate.
Breeding and young
In spring, cuttlefish gather in shallow water to breed. Females attach grape-like clusters of eggs to seaweed and objects, then die soon afterwards.
Threats and conservation
The species is common but is heavily fished in some areas.
Where to see it
- Dorset and Cornwall coasts, England, in spring
- Mediterranean coasts of Croatia and Greece
- Portugal and Spain
- Public aquariums
Status source: IUCN Red List. Profile last reviewed September 2026.
